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Timeline and map

When and where a book was written, and how a cited source connects it with the Bible. A date or place appears only with a public citation. A range stays a range. A dispute stays a dispute.

Most library works have no row here. A work is left out until a citation is recorded. “no sourced data yet” is a gap, not a guess. The map is a schematic drawn for this page. It is not a coastline and it does not load map tiles.

Where a date comes only from the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) or the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, it reflects scholarship of that time.

Modern dates come from the cited Wikipedia articles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cited ranges

A bar is drawn only when the citation states two numeric bounds. Books without those bounds stay in the table.

Cited date rangesCited ranges with two numeric bounds: Sirach 190 BCE to 170 BCE; 1 Maccabees 135 BCE to 63 BCE; Apocalypse of Abraham 70 CE to 150 CE; 3 Maccabees 100 BCE to 70 CE; 4 Maccabees 20 CE to 130 CE; Exodus 600 BCE to 400 BCE; Leviticus 538 BCE to 332 BCE; Ruth 550 BCE to 330 BCE; 1 Chronicles 400 BCE to 250 BCE; 2 Chronicles 400 BCE to 250 BCE; Job 540 BCE to 330 BCE; Ecclesiastes 450 BCE to 180 BCE; Lamentations 586 BCE to 520 BCE; Daniel 167 BCE to 164 BCE; Luke 80 CE to 90 CE; John 90 CE to 100 CE; Acts 80 CE to 90 CE; Romans 55 CE to 57 CE; 1 Corinthians 53 CE to 57 CE; 1 Thessalonians 49 CE to 51 CE; 1 Timothy 90 CE to 140 CE; 2 Timothy 90 CE to 140 CE; Titus 90 CE to 140 CE; Philemon 57 CE to 62 CE; 2 Peter 60 CE to 150 CE; 1 John 95 CE to 110 CE. Books without two bounds are in the table.Sirach190 BCE–170 BCESirach 190 BCE–170 BCE1 Maccabees135 BCE–63 BCE1 Maccabees 135 BCE–63 BCEApocalypse of Abraham70 CE–150 CEApocalypse of Abraham 70 CE–150 CE3 Maccabees100 BCE–70 CE3 Maccabees 100 BCE–70 CE4 Maccabees20 CE–130 CE4 Maccabees 20 CE–130 CEExodus600 BCE–400 BCEExodus 600 BCE–400 BCELeviticus538 BCE–332 BCELeviticus 538 BCE–332 BCERuth550 BCE–330 BCERuth 550 BCE–330 BCE1 Chronicles400 BCE–250 BCE1 Chronicles 400 BCE–250 BCE2 Chronicles400 BCE–250 BCE2 Chronicles 400 BCE–250 BCEJob540 BCE–330 BCEJob 540 BCE–330 BCEEcclesiastes450 BCE–180 BCEEcclesiastes 450 BCE–180 BCELamentations586 BCE–520 BCELamentations 586 BCE–520 BCEDaniel167 BCE–164 BCEDaniel 167 BCE–164 BCELuke80 CE–90 CELuke 80 CE–90 CEJohn90 CE–100 CEJohn 90 CE–100 CEActs80 CE–90 CEActs 80 CE–90 CERomans55 CE–57 CERomans 55 CE–57 CE1 Corinthians53 CE–57 CE1 Corinthians 53 CE–57 CE1 Thessalonians49 CE–51 CE1 Thessalonians 49 CE–51 CE1 Timothy90 CE–140 CE1 Timothy 90 CE–140 CE2 Timothy90 CE–140 CE2 Timothy 90 CE–140 CETitus90 CE–140 CETitus 90 CE–140 CEPhilemon57 CE–62 CEPhilemon 57 CE–62 CE2 Peter60 CE–150 CE2 Peter 60 CE–150 CE1 John95 CE–110 CE1 John 95 CE–110 CE600 BCE500 BCE400 BCE300 BCE200 BCE100 BCE1 BCE / 1 CE100 CE
Bars use only the two bounds named in the citation. The same ranges are in the table. One axis covers every bar, so a short span is a short bar.

Places named by a source

A pin is drawn only when one place is named. Two possibilities, or no city, stay in the table.

Schematic placesSchematic of Egypt, the Mediterranean, and Palestine. Not to scale and not a coastline. Palestine: Judith, 1 Maccabees, 1 Enoch. Alexandria: Wisdom of Solomon, 3 Maccabees. Jerusalem: SirachMediterraneanEgyptPalestinePalestine: Judith, 1 Maccabees, 1 EnochPalestineAlexandria: Wisdom of Solomon, 3 MaccabeesAlexandriaJerusalem: SirachJerusalemSchematic. Not to scale. Not a coastline.
Each pin is one place a citation names. The list under the map repeats the pins.
  • Palestine Judith, 1 Maccabees, 1 Enoch
  • Alexandria Wisdom of Solomon, 3 Maccabees
  • Jerusalem Sirach

Sources for each book

When, where, and Bible connection, with citations
WorkWhenWhereConnection to the Bible
Tobit

Disputed. The Jewish Encyclopedia calls 200 to 50 B.C. the more probable view of composition. Wikipedia says the story is set in the 8th century BCE, but the book itself is thought to date from between 225 and 175 BCE. The two ranges are not the same, so no single bar is drawn.

Uncertain. The Jewish Encyclopedia leaves the place undecided: Palestine if the original language was Hebrew, Egypt if it was Greek. Wikipedia likewise records arguments for a Judean or an Egyptian composition.

Sourced. The Tobit article says the book was never received into the Jewish canon, is included in the Apocrypha by Protestants, and was pronounced canonical by the Council of Carthage (397) and the Council of Trent (1546). The Apocrypha article also lists Tobit among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon.

Judith

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

Uncertain. The Jewish Encyclopedia says there is no direct clue to the date. It places the book near the beginning of the first century B.C., notes that a date after 120 B.C. is easier to conceive, and says the Hebrew favors a comparatively early date. No two year-bounds are stated.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the author lived and wrote in Palestine, and that he probably dwelt near Shechem. The Shechem detail is the article’s probability, not a separate mapped point. A home at Dothan is only a conjecture there.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists this book among those commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Esther (Greek)

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists “The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther” among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. It is not one of the exceptions (I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses) when the article says the other listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Wisdom of Solomon

Uncertain. The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica says the book was probably composed late in the 1st century B.C., not earlier than that century, and probably prior to Philo. Wikipedia reports a general consensus, with a few dissents, that it was written in Greek in Alexandria around the turn of the era: late first century BC to early first century AD. One argument recorded there places it between 31 and 10 BC. No single pair of year-bounds is shared.

  • 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Wisdom, Book of”, Authorship and date

    “Wisdom, Book of,” 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, transcribed on Wikisource. The parent work “1911 Encyclopædia Britannica” is listed in Wikisource Category:PD-US, which states that these works are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before 1 January 1931.

  • Book of Wisdom, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Wisdom” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Both sources place the writer in Alexandria. The 1911 article says the author of the first part was in all probability an Alexandrian Jew, and it names no city for a separate second author. Wikipedia states the same Alexandrian setting for the book.

  • 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Wisdom, Book of”, Authorship and date

    “Wisdom, Book of,” 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, transcribed on Wikisource. The parent work “1911 Encyclopædia Britannica” is listed in Wikisource Category:PD-US, which states that these works are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before 1 January 1931.

  • Book of Wisdom, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Wisdom” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists this book among those commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Sirach

Uncertain. The Jewish Encyclopedia’s conclusion is about 190–170 B.C. Wikipedia says the book is generally dated to the first quarter of the 2nd century BCE and that Ben Sira wrote it around 180 BCE. The older century-earlier view is recorded in the Jewish Encyclopedia and said to have been abandoned. The bar uses 190 and 170, the encyclopedia’s two bounds.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the Greek text calls the author “Jesus the son of Sirach of Jerusalem.” Wikipedia uses the same Jerusalem name for Ben Sira.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists “Wisdom of Jesus, the Son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus” among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Baruch

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

Disputed. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the confession and prayer are probably an editorial combination from the Maccabean period if the line that the Temple is in ruins (ii. 26a) is set aside. If that line is kept, Kneucker and others place the first part after the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in 70 of the common era. The second part is not earlier than the second century B.C.; some place it in the early Maccabean period and others after 70. No single pair of year-bounds is stated.

Uncertain. The Jewish Encyclopedia does not give a place of composition. It says there is no reason for supposing that Baruch was ever in Babylon.

Sourced. The Baruch article says the book was never accepted as canonical by the Palestinian Jews, was accepted by the Alexandrian Jews as a work of edification, was pronounced deuterocanonical by the Council of Trent, and is not accepted by the Protestant churches. The Apocrypha article lists “Baruch, with the Epistle of Jeremiah” among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon.

1 Maccabees

Disputed. The Jewish Encyclopedia gives a terminus a quo of 135 B.C. and a terminus ad quem before Pompey in 63 B.C. A narrower date is disputed there: Schürer and Fairweather place the book in the first or second decade of the first century B.C.; Torrey places it soon after 135 B.C. Wikipedia says the author wrote in the post-independence Hasmonean kingdom, probably during the reign of John Hyrcanus (134–104 BC), with a few scholars suggesting early in the reign of Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 BC). The bar uses only the encyclopedia’s 135 and 63 termini. The years 175–135 B.C. are the period the narrative covers.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the author lived and wrote in Palestine.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists this book among those commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

2 Maccabees

Disputed. The Jewish Encyclopedia says a reference to Esther precludes any earlier date than about 130 B.C., that the book was known to the author of Hebrews and to Philo, and that it must have been composed about the beginning of the common era. Wikipedia says scholars suggest composition at some point from 150–100 BC, and that the work is generally considered no later than the 70s BC because the author seems unaware of Pompey in 63 BC. Those accounts do not agree, so no bar is drawn. The years 175–160 B.C. are the years the narrative covers.

Uncertain. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the epitomizer was a Hellenistic Jew and that the book was written in Greek. It does not name a city.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists this book among those commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and therefore rejected by Protestants. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Prayer of Manasses

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists the Prayer of Manasses among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon. It says the prayer stands in many Greek Bible manuscripts among pieces appended to the Psalms, is printed in the Vulgate after the New Testament, and, like I and II Esdras, is not canonical.

Susanna

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists the History of Susanna among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and says the additions to Daniel, including Susanna, are in both Greek translations of Daniel. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Bel and the Dragon

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says the narrative was “perhaps composed as early as the Persian period (539–333 BCE).” That is an earliest suggestion, not a closed range, so no bar is drawn.

  • Bel and the Dragon, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Bel and the Dragon” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and says the additions to Daniel, including Bel and the Dragon, are in both Greek translations of Daniel. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

Song of the Three Holy Children

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the date is uncertain, although many scholars favor a date in the second or first century BC. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children, Wikipedia, Texts and origin

    Adapted from “Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia lists the Song of the Three Holy Children among books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles but not in the Hebrew canon, and says the additions to Daniel, including that song, are in both Greek translations of Daniel. With the exception of I and II Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses, it says those listed books are canonical in the Roman Church.

1 Enoch

Disputed. The Jewish Encyclopedia treats the Ethiopic book as composite and records Charles’s section dates (before 170 B.C.; 166–161 B.C.; not earlier than 134 B.C.; similitudes 94–79 or 70–64 B.C.; celestial physics undatable) beside a date it calls a little doubtful. Wikipedia’s lead estimates the older sections at about 300–200 BC and the Book of Parables at about 100 BC. Its Origins section quotes Ephraim Isaac for sections spanning from about 200 BC to AD 160, and George W. E. Nickelsburg for traditions from the last three centuries before the common era. No single pair of bounds covers the whole book.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia says the whole book originated and was put into writing in Palestine.

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia says a Book of Enoch is quoted in old Jewish and Christian literature, for example in the New Testament Epistle of Jude, verse 14, and that about 300 the Christian Church began to discredit the book. Wikipedia’s Jude article says the epistle supports its message by quoting the Book of Enoch.

Book of Jubilees

This dating reflects scholarship from the early 1900s.

Disputed. The Enoch article says Bohn and Charles place Jubilees as early as the last third of the second century B.C. The Apocrypha article says it was written in Hebrew, probably in the first century B.C. Those statements conflict, so no single range is shown.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The Jewish Encyclopedia describes Jubilees as a free reproduction, with additions, of the Biblical narrative of the patriarchs and of Israel in Egypt, based on Genesis and Exodus 1–12. It does not list Jubilees among the books commonly found in the Greek and Latin Bibles.

1 Esdras

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 1 Esdras the ancient Greek Septuagint version of the biblical Book of Ezra, substantially similar to the Hebrew Ezra–Nehemiah, regarded as canonical in the churches of the East and apocryphal in the West. The article does not state a composition date in the lead that was read.

  • 1 Esdras, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “1 Esdras” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Esdras, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Enoch

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the Slavonic edition and translation of 2 Enoch is of Christian origin in the 8th century but is based on an earlier work. No year-bounds are given for that earlier work.

  • 2 Enoch, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “2 Enoch” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Enoch, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia says 2 Enoch is distinct from 1 Enoch and that none of the numbered Enoch books are considered canonical scripture by the majority of Jewish or Christian bodies.

  • 2 Enoch, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “2 Enoch” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Enoch, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Psalms of Solomon

Uncertain. Wikipedia says some psalms show an awareness of the Roman conquest of Jerusalem under Pompey in 63 BC. That is a point they are not earlier than. The article does not give an end date.

  • Psalms of Solomon, Wikipedia, Content and authorship

    Adapted from “Psalms of Solomon” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Ascension of Isaiah

Disputed. Wikipedia reports R. H. Charles’s view that the text joins once-separate sections, and E. Norelli’s view that the whole is Christian and that the date of composition is the end of the 1st century AD, with chapters 6–11 older than chapters 1–5. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Ascension of Isaiah, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Ascension of Isaiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_of_Isaiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Apocalypse of Abraham

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the Apocalypse of Abraham is typically dated between 70 and 150, that it must post-date 70 because it knows the Temple’s destruction, and that it is usually considered to have been written before 150. The bar uses those two bounds.

  • Apocalypse of Abraham, Wikipedia, Date

    Adapted from “Apocalypse of Abraham” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Abraham, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

2 Baruch

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says 2 Baruch is thought to have been written in the late 1st century CE or the early 2nd century CE, after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. Those are not two year-bounds.

  • 2 Baruch, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “2 Baruch” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Baruch, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia says 2 Baruch is associated with the Old Testament and is not regarded as scripture by Jews or by most Christian groups. It is included in some ancient editions of the Peshitta.

  • 2 Baruch, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “2 Baruch” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Baruch, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

3 Maccabees

Disputed. Wikipedia says the widest plausible range is between 100 BC and 70 AD. Within that, it records arguments for the late Ptolemaic period (100–30 BC), an early Roman date perhaps around 25–15 BC, and a later Roman date around 40 AD. The bar uses only the widest pair, 100 BC and 70 AD.

  • 3 Maccabees, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “3 Maccabees” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Maccabees, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the author was likely an Alexandrian Jew who wrote in Greek.

  • 3 Maccabees, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “3 Maccabees” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Maccabees, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

4 Maccabees

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the book is generally dated between 20 and 130 CE. It records a narrower suggestion of 20–54 CE, perhaps around 40 CE, and another view in the reign of Hadrian (118–135 CE). The bar uses the general bounds, 20 and 130.

  • 4 Maccabees, Wikipedia, Authorship, date, and title

    Adapted from “4 Maccabees” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Maccabees, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the author was probably a diaspora Jew. Alexandria and Antioch are both discussed, and the article does not settle on one city.

  • 4 Maccabees, Wikipedia, Authorship, date, and title

    Adapted from “4 Maccabees” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Maccabees, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Joseph and Aseneth

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says the narrative dates from between 200 BCE and 200 CE. The Origin section says suggestions have ranged from 200 BC to 300 AD. The two end dates differ, so no bar is drawn.

  • Joseph and Aseneth, Wikipedia, Lead; Origin

    Adapted from “Joseph and Aseneth” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_and_Aseneth, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The same Origin section says suggestions have placed the work from North Africa in the west through to Palestine and Syria in the east. No single place is named.

  • Joseph and Aseneth, Wikipedia, Lead; Origin

    Adapted from “Joseph and Aseneth” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_and_Aseneth, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia says the narrative expands the mentions of Joseph and Asenath in the Book of Genesis.

  • Joseph and Aseneth, Wikipedia, Lead; Origin

    Adapted from “Joseph and Aseneth” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_and_Aseneth, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Letter of Aristeas

Uncertain. Wikipedia calls the Letter of Aristeas a Hellenistic work of the 3rd or early 2nd century BC. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Letter of Aristeas, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Letter of Aristeas” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_of_Aristeas, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia says the letter describes the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible by seventy-two interpreters, resulting in the Septuagint, and that some scholars have argued the letter is fictitious.

  • Letter of Aristeas, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Letter of Aristeas” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_of_Aristeas, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sibylline Oracles

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says fourteen books and eight fragments survive in an edition of the 6th or 7th century AD. That is the date of a surviving edition. The lead does not state a composition range.

  • Sibylline Oracles, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Sibylline Oracles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylline_Oracles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

no sourced data yet

Testament of Job

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the Testament of Job was written in the 1st century BC or the 1st century AD. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Testament of Job, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Testament of Job” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament_of_Job, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia says the work is not directly dependent on the canonical Book of Job and is classed with Jewish apocrypha.

  • Testament of Job, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Testament of Job” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testament_of_Job, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Genesis

Disputed. Wikipedia says tradition attributes the Pentateuch to Moses, which would place Genesis around the 13th century BCE, and that modern scholars treat it as the work of multiple authors. Under the documentary hypothesis as the article states it, the Yahwist is placed in the 9th century BCE in Judah, the Elohist in the 8th century BCE in Israel, the Deuteronomist in the 7th century BCE in Judah (associated with Josiah, about 625 BCE), and the Priestly source in the 5th century BCE in Babylon. Advocates of that hypothesis say Genesis did not reach final form until after the Babylonian exile. The same section records a linguistic date before 550 BCE and an argument for the late 270s BCE. No single pair of bounds is given for the whole book.

  • Book of Genesis, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Genesis” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Genesis, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The same section names more than one place for the proposed sources: Judah, the northern kingdom of Israel, and Babylon. No single pin is drawn.

  • Book of Genesis, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Genesis” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Genesis, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Genesis the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament, and part of the Torah.

  • Book of Genesis, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Genesis” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Genesis, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Exodus

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the formation of the Pentateuch, including Exodus, is dated to the fifth through fourth centuries BC. In approximate round dates, it says the process probably began around 600 BCE and reached a final form around 400 BCE. The bar uses 600 and 400.

  • Book of Exodus, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Exodus” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Exodus, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia treats Exodus as one book of the Pentateuch. It also records the older tradition that Moses was the author, a view it says scholars had abandoned by the end of the 19th century.

  • Book of Exodus, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Exodus” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Exodus, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Leviticus

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the majority of scholars conclude that the Pentateuch received its final form during the Persian period (538–332 BC), and that Leviticus had a long period of growth before that form. The bar is that final-form window, not a claim that every part was written inside it.

  • Book of Leviticus, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Leviticus” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia says the entire composition of Leviticus is Priestly literature, within the Pentateuch.

  • Book of Leviticus, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Leviticus” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Numbers

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the majority of modern biblical scholars believe the Torah, including Numbers, reached its present form in the post-exilic period, after about 520 BC. It calls Numbers a Priestly editing of a non-Priestly original. No end year is stated.

  • Book of Numbers, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Numbers” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Numbers, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia treats Numbers as one of the five books of the Torah.

  • Book of Numbers, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Numbers” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Numbers, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Deuteronomy

Uncertain. Wikipedia says virtually all modern secular scholars, and most Christian and Jewish scholars, reject Mosaic authorship and date Deuteronomy between the 7th and 5th centuries BCE. The authors were probably the Levite caste the article calls the Deuteronomist. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Book of Deuteronomy, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Deuteronomy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia treats Deuteronomy as one of the five books of the Torah. It also records the older tradition of Mosaic authorship.

  • Book of Deuteronomy, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Deuteronomy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Joshua

Uncertain. Wikipedia says there is general agreement that Joshua was composed as part of the Deuteronomistic history, first at the court of King Josiah in the late 7th century BC, and extensively revised in the 6th century BC. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Book of Joshua, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Joshua” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Joshua, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia treats Joshua as part of the Deuteronomistic history, from Deuteronomy through Kings.

  • Book of Joshua, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Joshua” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Joshua, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ruth

Disputed. Wikipedia says Ruth is traditionally ascribed to Samuel in the 11th century BCE, and that a substantial number of scholars date it to the Persian period (550–330 BCE). The bar uses 550 and 330, the bounds stated for that scholarly range, not the traditional date.

  • Book of Ruth, Wikipedia, Composition and genre

    Adapted from “Book of Ruth” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ruth, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia says the genealogy that concludes the book integrates it into the history of Israel running from Genesis to Kings.

  • Book of Ruth, Wikipedia, Composition and genre

    Adapted from “Book of Ruth” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ruth, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Samuel

Disputed. Wikipedia says 1 and 2 Samuel were originally one book. It cites Donald Redford for too many anachronisms to have been compiled in the 11th century BCE. It reports a Talmudic ascription to Samuel, Gad, and Nathan, which critical scholars from the 19th century onward rejected. A Deuteronomistic reading in the article places an early version in the time of Hezekiah (8th century BCE), the bulk of a first edition at the end of the 7th century BCE under Josiah, and further sections during the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE). No single pair of year-bounds is given.

  • Books of Samuel, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Samuel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Samuel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Samuel a book in the Hebrew Bible and part of the Deuteronomistic history, with Joshua, Judges, and Kings.

  • Books of Samuel, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Samuel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Samuel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Samuel

Disputed. The same Books of Samuel article covers 2 Samuel. Wikipedia says the two were originally one book, cites too many anachronisms for an 11th-century compilation, and describes Deuteronomistic layers in the 8th, late 7th, and 6th centuries BCE. No single pair of year-bounds is given.

  • Books of Samuel, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Samuel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Samuel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Samuel a book in the Hebrew Bible and part of the Deuteronomistic history.

  • Books of Samuel, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Samuel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Samuel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Kings

Uncertain. Wikipedia says scholars today tend to treat Kings as at least two layers, including a first edition from the time of Josiah (late 7th century BC), and it records proposed editions in the 8th century BC. Jewish tradition, as the article reports it, names Jeremiah, alive at Jerusalem’s fall in 586 BC. No single pair of year-bounds is given.

  • Books of Kings, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Kings” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia says Kings concludes the Deuteronomistic history and is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as 1–2 Kings in the Christian Old Testament.

  • Books of Kings, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Kings” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Kings

Uncertain. The same Books of Kings article covers 2 Kings. Wikipedia describes a Josianic first edition in the late 7th century BC and proposed 8th-century editions, without two year-bounds for the whole.

  • Books of Kings, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Kings” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia says Kings concludes the Deuteronomistic history and is a book in the Hebrew Bible.

  • Books of Kings, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Kings” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Chronicles

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s composition section says critics suggest Chronicles was probably composed between 400 and 250 BC, with 350–300 BC the most likely. The bar uses 400 and 250.

  • Books of Chronicles, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Chronicles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Chronicles as a biblical book whose composition is discussed beside Ezra and Nehemiah. The article’s date sentence above is about Chronicles.

  • Books of Chronicles, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Chronicles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Chronicles

Uncertain. The same Books of Chronicles article covers 2 Chronicles and reports the same suggested window, 400–250 BC, with 350–300 BC the most likely. The bar uses 400 and 250.

  • Books of Chronicles, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Chronicles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Chronicles as a biblical book. The date sentence is about the books of Chronicles.

  • Books of Chronicles, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Books of Chronicles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ezra

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s Nehemiah article says the first edition of the combined Ezra–Nehemiah may date from the early 4th century BC, with further editing afterward. It does not give two year-bounds. Years such as 458 for Ezra’s arrival are dates in the narrative, not a date of writing.

  • Book of Nehemiah, Wikipedia, Composition and date

    Adapted from “Book of Nehemiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia discusses Ezra together with Nehemiah as the combined book Ezra–Nehemiah.

  • Book of Nehemiah, Wikipedia, Composition and date

    Adapted from “Book of Nehemiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Nehemiah

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the end of the 5th century BC is the earliest possible date for the Nehemiah Memorial, if Artaxerxes I is the king in the narrative, and that the first edition of the combined Ezra–Nehemiah may date from the early 4th century BC, with further editing in later centuries. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Book of Nehemiah, Wikipedia, Composition and date

    Adapted from “Book of Nehemiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia treats Nehemiah as part of the combined book Ezra–Nehemiah.

  • Book of Nehemiah, Wikipedia, Composition and date

    Adapted from “Book of Nehemiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Job

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the language of Job, combining post-Babylonian Hebrew and Aramaic influences, indicates composition during the Persian period (540–330 BCE). It also says Elihu’s speeches are widely believed to be a later addition. The bar uses 540 and 330.

  • Book of Job, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Job” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Job, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the anonymous author was almost certainly an Israelite, while the story is set outside Israel, in southern Edom or northern Arabia. The setting is not a single place of writing.

  • Book of Job, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Job” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Job, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia presents Job as a biblical book and notes a figure named Job in Ezekiel.

  • Book of Job, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Job” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Job, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Psalms

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the composition of the psalms spans at least five centuries, from Psalm 29 in the 10th century BCE to others not earlier than the 5th century BCE. No two year-bounds are stated for the collection.

  • Psalms, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Psalms” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalms, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the majority originated in the southern kingdom of Judah and were associated with the Temple in Jerusalem. Two places are named, so no pin is drawn.

  • Psalms, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Psalms” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalms, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia presents Psalms as a biblical collection associated with Temple worship.

  • Psalms, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Psalms” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalms, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Proverbs

Uncertain. Wikipedia says it is impossible to offer precise dates for the sayings in Proverbs. It says chapters 1–9 were probably the last composed, in the Persian or Hellenistic periods, and that a superscription says the following proverbs were transcribed by the men of Hezekiah, late 8th century BCE, which the article treats as a face-value claim. No two year-bounds are stated for the book.

  • Book of Proverbs, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Proverbs” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Proverbs as a book of the Hebrew Bible, an anthology of wisdom sayings.

  • Book of Proverbs, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Proverbs” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ecclesiastes

Disputed. Wikipedia says Persian loanwords and Aramaisms point to a date no earlier than about 450 BCE, and that the latest possible date is 180 BCE, when Ben Sira quotes the book. It records a dispute between a Persian date (about 450–330 BCE) and a Hellenistic date (about 330–180 BCE). The bar uses the outer bounds, 450 and 180.

  • Ecclesiastes, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Ecclesiastes” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastes, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Ecclesiastes as a biblical book. Rabbinic tradition, as the article reports it, ascribes the book to Solomon; critical scholars are said to have rejected a pre-exilic origin.

  • Ecclesiastes, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Ecclesiastes” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastes, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Song of Solomon

Uncertain. Wikipedia says that since the 1800s most scholars have dated the Song to the 3rd century BCE, while speculation ranges from the 10th to the 2nd centuries BCE, with the language supporting a date around the 3rd century. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Song of Songs, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Song of Songs” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_Songs, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls the Song one of the five megillot in the Ketuvim, the last section of the Tanakh, and says it is traditionally attributed to Solomon.

  • Song of Songs, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Song of Songs” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_Songs, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Isaiah

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says Isaiah is identified as an 8th-century BCE prophet, with evidence that much of the book was composed during the Babylonian captivity and later. The composition section describes Proto-Isaiah’s verse as the original 8th-century prophet and its prose as sermons at Josiah’s court at the end of the 7th century, and it dates Deutero-Isaiah’s predictions to 550–539 BCE. Chapters 56–66 assume a still later return to Jerusalem. No single pair of bounds covers the whole book.

  • Book of Isaiah, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Isaiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Isaiah the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the major prophets in the Christian Old Testament.

  • Book of Isaiah, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Isaiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Jeremiah

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the Greek version shows concerns typical of the early Persian period, while perspectives in the Masoretic Hebrew version did not reach their realisation until the 2nd century BCE. It also places Jeremiah’s own lifetime from Josiah’s death in 609 BCE through Jerusalem’s destruction in 587/586. No two year-bounds are stated for the finished book.

  • Book of Jeremiah, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Jeremiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Jeremiah the second of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the second of the Prophets in the Christian Old Testament.

  • Book of Jeremiah, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Jeremiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lamentations

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the book’s language fits an exilic date (586–520 BCE), and that the poems probably originated with Judeans who remained in the land. The bar uses 586 and 520. The article also says the modern consensus is that Jeremiah did not write the book.

  • Book of Lamentations, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Lamentations” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Lamentations as a biblical book whose traditional ascription to Jeremiah it says scholars no longer hold.

  • Book of Lamentations, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Lamentations” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ezekiel

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says the book records six visions during the 22 years from 593 to 571 BCE and is the product of a long and complex history that does not necessarily preserve the prophet’s words. The composition section says Torrey and Morton Smith placed its authorship and later redaction variously in the 3rd century BCE and in the 8th/7th. No single pair of bounds is used.

  • Book of Ezekiel, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Ezekiel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the book describes Ezekiel as a priest living in exile in Babylon between 593 and 571 BCE. That is the setting the book gives, and the article does not treat it as the only place the finished book was written.

  • Book of Ezekiel, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Ezekiel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Ezekiel the third of the Latter Prophets in the Tanakh and one of the major prophetic books in the Christian Bible.

  • Book of Ezekiel, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Ezekiel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Daniel

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says mainstream scholars consider Daniel, set in the 6th century BC, to have been written in the 2nd century BC. The composition section says the final stage, when the book was drawn together, took place between the Temple’s desecration in 167 BC and Antiochus IV’s death in 164 BC, and that the court tales were probably composed in the third or early second century BC. The bar uses 167 and 164 for that final stage only.

  • Book of Daniel, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Daniel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Daniel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia says the Hebrew Bible includes Daniel among the Ketuvim, while Christian biblical canons place it among the prophets.

  • Book of Daniel, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Daniel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Daniel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Hosea

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s background section says Hosea prophesied during the Northern Kingdom’s decline and fall in the 8th century BCE. That is the setting of the prophecy in the article, not a pair of year-bounds for the book’s writing.

  • Book of Hosea, Wikipedia, Background and content

    Adapted from “Book of Hosea” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hosea, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia presents Hosea as a prophetic book of the Northern Kingdom.

  • Book of Hosea, Wikipedia, Background and content

    Adapted from “Book of Hosea” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hosea, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Joel

Disputed. Wikipedia’s date section lists more than one position: the 9th century BCE, the early 8th century BCE, and about 630–587 BCE in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah. No single range is given.

  • Book of Joel, Wikipedia, Date

    Adapted from “Book of Joel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Joel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Joel a Jewish prophetic text and one book of the Twelve Minor Prophets, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

  • Book of Joel, Wikipedia, Date

    Adapted from “Book of Joel” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Joel, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Amos

Uncertain. Wikipedia says that according to the Bible Amos was active about 750 BC, and that he prophesied in the first half of the 8th century BC, during Jeroboam II and Uzziah. The lead also says scholars have grown more skeptical of the book’s presentation of Amos’s biography. No composition span with two bounds is stated.

  • Book of Amos, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Amos” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Amos, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Amos the third of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Christian Old Testament and the Jewish Tanakh.

  • Book of Amos, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Amos” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Amos, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Obadiah

Disputed. Wikipedia’s dating section sets the invasion remembered in the book either in 853–841 BCE or in 605–587 BCE, and it says Obadiah 11–14 seems to refer to Nebuchadnezzar’s destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. No single composition range is stated.

  • Book of Obadiah, Wikipedia, Dating Obadiah

    Adapted from “Book of Obadiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Obadiah one of the Twelve Minor Prophets and the shortest book in the Tanakh.

  • Book of Obadiah, Wikipedia, Dating Obadiah

    Adapted from “Book of Obadiah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Jonah

Disputed. Wikipedia says 2 Kings 14:25 places Jonah’s life in the reign of Jeroboam II (786–746 BCE), but the book itself does not give a firm date. It records Katherine Dell’s argument for the Hellenistic period (332–167 BCE). No agreed pair of bounds is stated.

  • Book of Jonah, Wikipedia, Date

    Adapted from “Book of Jonah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jonah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Jonah one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

  • Book of Jonah, Wikipedia, Date

    Adapted from “Book of Jonah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Jonah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Micah

Disputed. Wikipedia says some, but not all, scholars accept that only chapters 1–3 contain material from the late 8th-century BCE prophet. It says the latest material is post-exilic, after the Temple was rebuilt in 515 BCE, so that the early 5th century BCE seems to be when the book was completed. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Book of Micah, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Micah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Micah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Micah the sixth of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible.

  • Book of Micah, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Book of Micah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Micah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Nahum

Disputed. Wikipedia says the most general historical setting of Nahum as a prophet was 663 BC to 612 BC, while the setting that produced the book is debated, from shortly after the fall of Thebes in 663 BC to the Maccabean period around 175–165 BC. No single range is drawn.

  • Book of Nahum, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Nahum” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nahum, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Nahum the seventh book of the twelve minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible.

  • Book of Nahum, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Nahum” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Nahum, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Habakkuk

Uncertain. Wikipedia says most scholars agree that the book’s content best aligns with Jehoiakim’s reign as king of Judah (609–597 BC). That is an alignment of content with a reign. The lead does not state two bounds for the writing of the book, so no bar is drawn.

  • Book of Habakkuk, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Habakkuk” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Habakkuk the eighth book of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Hebrew Bible, and says passages from it are quoted by authors of the New Testament.

  • Book of Habakkuk, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Habakkuk” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Zephaniah

Disputed. Wikipedia says some scholars place the words early in Josiah’s reign (640–609 BC), before the reforms of 622 BC, and others argue that some portion is later than 586 BC, when Judah fell. No single range is given.

  • Book of Zephaniah, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Book of Zephaniah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Zephaniah the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

  • Book of Zephaniah, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Book of Zephaniah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Haggai

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the historical setting dates around 520 BC, before the Temple had been rebuilt. It does not state a separate span of years for the writing.

  • Book of Haggai, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Haggai” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Haggai, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Haggai a book of the Hebrew Bible and the third-to-last of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

  • Book of Haggai, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Book of Haggai” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Haggai, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Zechariah

Disputed. Wikipedia says most modern scholars believe Zechariah was written by at least two people. It says chapters 1–8 were written in the 6th century BC, and that most scholars date chapters 9–14 to the 5th century BC. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Book of Zechariah, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Book of Zechariah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Zechariah a Jewish text included among the Twelve Minor Prophets.

  • Book of Zechariah, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Book of Zechariah” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Matthew

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says the gospel was written in the last quarter of the first century, anonymously, by a Jewish author. The composition section records N. T. Wright and John Wenham arguing instead for the 40s–50s CE. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Gospel of Matthew, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Matthew” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says it was written for Greek-speaking Jewish Christians located probably in Syria. Antioch is often proposed. Towns in Galilee, or Transjordan, are also said to fit. No single pin is drawn.

  • Gospel of Matthew, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Matthew” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Matthew the first book of the New Testament, one of the four canonical Gospels, and one of the three synoptic Gospels.

  • Gospel of Matthew, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Matthew” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Mark

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says Mark is dated to around 70 CE. The composition section says most scholars place it during the buildup of the First Jewish–Roman War (65–70 AD), while a plurality date it shortly afterward (71–75 AD), and it reports a growing consensus for the early to mid-70s. No single pair is used for a bar.

  • Gospel of Mark, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Mark” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says Mark was likely written in Rome. The composition section says Rome is the setting most often posited, while a growing number favor Syria, such as Antioch. No single pin is drawn.

  • Gospel of Mark, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Mark” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Mark the second of the four canonical Gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels.

  • Gospel of Mark, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Mark” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Luke

Uncertain. Wikipedia says most scholars date Luke–Acts to 80–90 AD. It also records an earliest possible date around 62 AD, at the time of Paul’s imprisonment in Rome, and latest tenable dates around the early 2nd century. The bar uses 80 and 90, the range it attributes to most scholars.

  • Gospel of Luke, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Luke” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Luke the third of the canonical Gospels and says that with Acts it makes up the two-volume work Luke–Acts.

  • Gospel of Luke, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Gospel of Luke” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

John

Sourced. Wikipedia says the scholarly consensus dates the writing of the gospel between AD 90 and 100. The bar uses 90 and 100.

  • Gospel of John, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Gospel of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says most critical commentaries agree the gospel was likely composed in Ephesus. Ephesus is not on this schematic map, so no pin is drawn.

  • Gospel of John, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Gospel of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls the Gospel of John the fourth of the canonical Gospels in the New Testament.

  • Gospel of John, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Gospel of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Acts

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the earliest possible date for Luke–Acts is around 62 AD, and that most scholars date the work to 80–90 AD. The bar uses 80 and 90.

  • Acts of the Apostles, Wikipedia, Composition and setting

    Adapted from “Acts of the Apostles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Acts, with the Gospel of Luke, a two-volume work, and says the name “Acts of the Apostles” was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century.

  • Acts of the Apostles, Wikipedia, Composition and setting

    Adapted from “Acts of the Apostles” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Romans

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says Romans is dated AD late 55 to early 57. The dating section says the majority of scholars propose late 55/early 56 or late 56/early 57, with some support for early 55 or early 58 and an argument for 51/52. The bar uses 55 and 57, the years in the lead’s phrase.

  • Epistle to the Romans, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship and dating

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Romans” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says Romans was likely written while Paul was staying in the house of Gaius in Corinth. Corinth is not on this schematic map.

  • Epistle to the Romans, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship and dating

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Romans” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Romans the sixth book of the New Testament and the longest of the thirteen Pauline epistles, and says scholars agree it was composed by Paul.

  • Epistle to the Romans, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship and dating

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Romans” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Corinthians

Uncertain. Wikipedia says some scholars suggest the letter was written while Paul was staying in Ephesus, usually in the range of 53–57 CE. The bar uses 53 and 57.

  • First Epistle to the Corinthians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Corinthians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The same sentence places Paul in Ephesus at the time of writing. Ephesus is not on this schematic map.

  • First Epistle to the Corinthians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Corinthians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia places 1 Corinthians among the Pauline epistles in the New Testament.

  • First Epistle to the Corinthians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Corinthians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Corinthians

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no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 2 Corinthians a Pauline epistle of the New Testament and says there is little doubt among scholars that Paul is the author. The composition section discusses whether the epistle was originally one letter or more than one, and it does not state a year.

  • Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to the Corinthians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Galatians

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the most plausible date for the writing of Galatians is 48 AD, because it treats the letter as prior to the Jerusalem council of 48–49 AD and after Paul’s evangelizing of South Galatia in 47–48 AD. That is one argued year, not a range with two bounds.

  • Epistle to the Galatians, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Galatians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Galatians the ninth book of the New Testament and a letter from Paul to communities in Galatia.

  • Epistle to the Galatians, Wikipedia, Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Galatians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Ephesians

Disputed. Wikipedia says the text is traditionally believed to have been written by Paul around AD 62, during imprisonment in Rome, and that many modern scholars dispute that attribution and date the work to AD 70–100. No single pair is used for a bar.

  • Epistle to the Ephesians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Ephesians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The traditional place in that sentence is Rome. The same lead says many modern scholars treat it as a circular letter. No single pin is drawn.

  • Epistle to the Ephesians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Ephesians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Ephesians a Pauline epistle and the tenth book of the New Testament, and says its authorship is debated.

  • Epistle to the Ephesians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Ephesians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Philippians

Disputed. Wikipedia says the letters compiled into Philippians could have been written from Ephesus in 52–55 AD or from Caesarea Maritima in 57–59, but that the most likely city is Rome, around 62 AD. Those are different dates, so no bar is drawn.

  • Epistle to the Philippians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Philippians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia names Ephesus, Caesarea Maritima, and Rome, and calls Rome the most likely. No single pin is drawn.

  • Epistle to the Philippians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Philippians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Philippians a Pauline epistle of the New Testament and says there is a general consensus that it consists of authentically Pauline material, compiled from more than one letter.

  • Epistle to the Philippians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Philippians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Colossians

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s composition section says that according to Bruce Metzger the letter was written in the 60s while Paul was in prison. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Epistle to the Colossians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Colossians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia presents Colossians as a letter discussed with Paul’s imprisonment. A year range beyond “the 60s” is not stated in the sentence that was used.

  • Epistle to the Colossians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Colossians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Thessalonians

Sourced. Wikipedia says a majority of modern New Testament scholars date 1 Thessalonians to 49–51 AD, during Paul’s stay in Corinth. The bar uses 49 and 51.

  • First Epistle to the Thessalonians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Thessalonians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The same sentence places the writing during Paul’s stay in Corinth. Corinth is not on this schematic map.

  • First Epistle to the Thessalonians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Thessalonians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 1 Thessalonians a Pauline epistle and says it is widely agreed to be one of the earliest extant Christian texts.

  • First Epistle to the Thessalonians, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “First Epistle to the Thessalonians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Thessalonians

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls 2 Thessalonians a Pauline epistle of the New Testament and says its authorship is disputed, with critical commentators evenly divided on Pauline authorship. A composition year was not stated in the lead that was read.

  • Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to the Thessalonians” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Timothy

Disputed. Wikipedia’s article on 2 Timothy says some modern critical scholars argue that 2 Timothy and the other two pastoral letters, 1 Timothy and Titus, were not written by Paul but by an anonymous author sometime between 90 and 140 AD. The bar is that critical dating. It is not a traditional Pauline date.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The same sentence groups 1 Timothy with the pastoral letters whose Pauline authorship those scholars reject.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Timothy

Disputed. Wikipedia says some modern critical scholars argue that 2 Timothy was not written by Paul but by an anonymous author sometime between 90 and 140 AD. The bar is that critical dating.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia groups 2 Timothy with the pastoral letters under that authorship debate.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Titus

Disputed. Wikipedia’s 2 Timothy article includes Titus with 1 Timothy as a pastoral letter that some modern critical scholars date to an anonymous author between 90 and 140 AD. The bar is that critical dating.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. The same sentence names Titus as one of the three pastoral letters in that argument.

  • Second Epistle to Timothy, Wikipedia, Authorship

    Adapted from “Second Epistle to Timothy” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Philemon

Uncertain. Wikipedia says Philemon was composed around AD 57–62 by Paul while in prison. The bar uses 57 and 62.

  • Epistle to Philemon, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Epistle to Philemon” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the imprisonment was at Caesarea Maritima on the earlier date or at Rome on the later date. Two places are named, so no pin is drawn.

  • Epistle to Philemon, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Epistle to Philemon” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia presents Philemon as a letter of Paul written from prison.

  • Epistle to Philemon, Wikipedia, Composition

    Adapted from “Epistle to Philemon” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Hebrews

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Sourced. Wikipedia calls Hebrews one of the books of the New Testament. It says modern scholarship considers the authorship unknown, with Pauline authorship mostly rejected. A composition year was not stated in the lead that was read.

  • Epistle to the Hebrews, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Epistle to the Hebrews” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

James

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says James is dated between the mid-1st and mid-2nd century AD. The authorship section adds that if James borrows from 1 Peter, it must be later than 1 Peter, often dated between 70 and 100 CE. No two year-bounds are stated for the book itself.

  • Epistle of James, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “Epistle of James” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_James, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls James a general epistle and one of the 21 epistles in the New Testament.

  • Epistle of James, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “Epistle of James” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_James, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 Peter

Disputed. Wikipedia reports Graham Stanton dating 1 Peter to the reign of Domitian in AD 81, and Richard Carrier dating it to the 60s AD and allowing that it may be authentic. No shared pair of bounds is stated.

  • First Epistle of Peter, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “First Epistle of Peter” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the ending implies the letter was written from “Babylon,” which may be a reference to Rome, and that most scholars conclude it expresses the Christian tradition at Rome associated with Peter rather than the apostle himself. The place is marked as possible, so no pin is drawn.

  • First Epistle of Peter, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “First Epistle of Peter” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 1 Peter a book of the New Testament whose author presents himself as Peter the Apostle.

  • First Epistle of Peter, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “First Epistle of Peter” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 Peter

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says scholars estimate the date anywhere from AD 60 to 150. The authorship section says there is some reason to favour 80–90, while general critical views place it in the 2nd century, and a literal reading tied to Peter’s death would put it around 64–68. The bar uses the lead’s outer estimate, 60 and 150.

  • Second Epistle of Peter, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Second Epistle of Peter” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 2 Peter an epistle of the New Testament. It says the letter identifies the author as Simon Peter, and that most critical scholars consider it pseudepigraphical.

  • Second Epistle of Peter, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship and date

    Adapted from “Second Epistle of Peter” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

1 John

Uncertain. Wikipedia’s lead says this epistle was probably written in Ephesus between 95 and 110 AD. The bar uses 95 and 110.

  • First Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “First Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. The same sentence names Ephesus. Ephesus is not on this schematic map.

  • First Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “First Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia presents 1 John as a New Testament epistle.

  • First Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “First Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

2 John

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no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 2 John a book of the New Testament and says there is no consensus on the identity of the author. A composition year was not stated in the lead that was read.

  • Second Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Second Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

3 John

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the language of 3 John echoes the Gospel of John, conventionally dated to around AD 90, so the epistle was likely written near the end of the first century. No two year-bounds are stated.

  • Third Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Third Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls 3 John the third-to-last book of the New Testament.

  • Third Epistle of John, Wikipedia, Lead

    Adapted from “Third Epistle of John” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Jude

Disputed. Wikipedia’s lead says Jude was most likely written in the late first century. The authorship section says the date is loosely speculated to be about 50–110: about 50–70 if the named Jude wrote it, about 90–110 if it reflects a later church order, and perhaps around 150 if it attacks Gnosticism. The speculation is too loose for a bar.

  • Epistle of Jude, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “Epistle of Jude” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

no sourced data yet

Sourced. Wikipedia calls Jude the penultimate book of the New Testament and says the epistle supports its message by quoting the Book of Enoch.

  • Epistle of Jude, Wikipedia, Lead; Authorship

    Adapted from “Epistle of Jude” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Revelation

Uncertain. Wikipedia says Revelation is commonly dated to about 95 AD, from clues pointing to the reign of Domitian (81–96). It says an allusion to Nero does not mean the book was written in the 60s. “About 95” is not two bounds, so no bar is drawn.

  • Book of Revelation, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition and setting

    Adapted from “Book of Revelation” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Uncertain. Wikipedia says the author states in Revelation 1:9 that he is on the island of Patmos, and that he addresses seven churches of Asia. Patmos is not on this schematic map.

  • Book of Revelation, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition and setting

    Adapted from “Book of Revelation” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sourced. Wikipedia says Revelation is canonically the last book of the New Testament and the only apocalyptic book in the New Testament canon.

  • Book of Revelation, Wikipedia, Lead; Composition and setting

    Adapted from “Book of Revelation” by Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The Wikipedia copyright page also offers the same text under the GNU Free Documentation License. Changes: shortened to the dated fact named here. Share-alike: changes to this wording stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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