3 Enoch

Odeberg1928 source English page 257

CH. XVII] ANGELOLOGICAL SECTION (A2) 49 the Holy One, blessed be He, has made a tent for all of them, for the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars in which they travel at night from the West to the East. (7) Under them is KOKBIEL, the prince who is appointed over all the planets. And with him are 365,000 myriads of ministering angels, great and honoured ones who move" the planets from city to city and from province to province in the Ragqia‘ of heavens. 16 so D. A: ‘bring down’ princes and angels are made to rank under the seven archangels as princes of the seven heavens. As has already been pointed out, it is highly probable, that the original representation was one of the seven archangels as princes each over one of the seven spheres as containing the planets with constellations. ‘The present systematiza- tion can be regarded as a modification of this original view to the established notion of the Ragqia‘, the second heaven, as the place of the heavenly bodies. The names of the princes, GALGALLIEL, ?OPHANNIEL, RAHATIEL, KOKBIEL are uni- form with those of ch. xiv. 4. Rahatiel also occurs in ch. xlvi. 3 in a similar function. ’Ophanniel is the prince of the ’Ophannim, ch. xxv. ‘The names Galgalliel, ’Ophanniel and Kokbiel are derived from Galgal (globe, i.e. of the sun), Ophan (globe, i.e. of the moon) and Kokab (planet) respectively. Rahatiel is, acc. to the intimation of vs. 6, derived from rahat (to run). In TB. Ber. 32 b, Rahaton is the technical term for divisions of angels who have immediate rule over the stars and planets. Rahatiel is the prince over planets and constellations or luminaries in general acc. to S. Raziel, 19 b, 21 כ‎ (cf. also Qeneh Binah, 34.b, and S. ha-Chesheq, Add. 27120, fol. 14 b). Galgalliel and ’Ophanniel seem to be comparatively late devices. Kokbiel is of early origin, cf. Kokabiel, 1 En. vi. 7, Kokabel, 1b. vii. 3 (who “taught constellations’’), שיוא‎ For the conception of angels who ‘move the heavenly bodies’ cf. 1 En. -11אא1‎ Ixxxii (‘the Book of the Heavenly Luminaries’’: CHARLES), URIEL being there the prince over the heavenly bodies; .11אא1‎ 3 (“the leaders of the stars’’), Ixxv. 1 (“‘the leaders of the heads of the thousands who are placed over the whole creation and over all the stars’’), Ixxix, Ixxx. 1 (“‘the leaders of the stars of the heaven and all those who turn them”’), 6 (“chiefs of the stars”’), Ixxxil. 4 and esp. 10-20 (the names of the leaders of the stars), 4 Ez. vi. 3, 2 En. xi. 3-5 (15 myriads 01 angels attend the sun during the day, and 1000 by night), Midrash ‘Asereth Ma’amaroth, BH. i. 64. (365 angels are set over the sun, moving it from window to window in Ragia‘’’), 3 Bar. vi. 1 seqq. (the chariot of the sun drawn by forty angels), vss. 13, 16 (“‘for the sun is made ready by the angels’’), 2b. vii. 4 (‘I saw the shining sun and the angels which draw it’’), ix. 1 seqq. (the moon sitting on a wheeled chariot: בת"‎ there were before it oxen and lambs and a multitude of angels...the oxen and lambs...they also are angels”). The derivation of the numbers ninety-six and eighty-eight in vss. 4 and 5 resp. is not clear. The number seventy-two of the angels assisting RAHATIEL, the prince of the constellations, corresponds to the seventy- two divisions of the zodiac (cf. the seventy-two princes of kingdoms, vs. 8, etc.). KOKBIEL again, vs. 7, is assisted by 365,000 myriads of ministering angels. Literally the same statement is made about KOKBIEL in S. Raziel, 19 ₪. These angels “‘ move the planets (Rokabim)’’. It is noteworthy, that acc. to TB. Ber. 32 b, referred to above, the different camps (of angels), in the last instance sorting under the constellations, have each under them “365,000 myriads of planets (kokabim) corresponding to the days of the sun (i.e. the solar year)”’. The latter parts of vss. 5 and 6 are somewhat obscure. They might be remnants of expositions of the courses of the heavenly bodies, such as are given‘at length in 1 En. lxxii—lxxxii (the ‘portals 01 the sun’); ch. Ixxii, the moon; ch. lxxiv, the portals of sun, moon, stars and all the works of OHB 4