Strong’s Greek and Hebrew Dictionaries

Strong’s Dictionaries 1890 — scan section 1

A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF THE WORDS IN THE GREEK TESTAMENT; WITH THEIR RENDERINGS IN THE AUTHORIZED ENGLISH VERSION. m JAMES STRONG, S.T.D., LLD. mt i ^ ABINGDON PRESS NASHVILLE • NEW YORK ■ PREFACE. This work is entirely similar in origin, method, and design, to the author's Hebrew Dictionary, and may be employed separately, for a corresponding purpose and with a like result, namely, to be serviceable to many who have not the wish or the ability to use a more copious Lexicon of New- Testament Greek. In this case also even scholars will find many suggestions and explanations not unworthy their attention. -, Copyright, 1890, by Jambs Strong, MADISOK, H. J. PLAN OF THE BOOK. 1. All the original words are treated In their alphabetical Greek order, and are numbered regu- larly from the first to the last, each being known throughout by its appropriate number. This ren- ders reference easy without recourse to the Greek characters. 2. Immediately after each word is given its exact equivalent in English letters, according to the system of transliteration laid down in the scheme here fol- lowing, which is substantially that adopted in the Common English Version, only more consistently and uniformly carried out; so that the word could readily be turned back again into Greek from the form thus given it. 3. Next follows the precise pronunciation, accord- ing to the usual English mode of sounding syllables, The following explanations are sufficient to show the mode of writing and pronouncing Greek words in English adopted in this Dictionary. 1. The Alphabet is as follows: Name. Transliteration and Po-ver. Alpha (al'-fah) a, as in Arm or Beta (bay'-tah) b [j»An* Gamma (gam'-mah) g hard t Delta (del'-tah) d Epsilon (ep'-see-lon) &, as in mif Zeta (dzay'-tah) x, as in cmzet Eta (ay'-tah) S, as in thmy Theta (thay'-tah) th, as in thotJ Iota (ee-o'-tah) 1, as in ma- Kappa (cap'-pah) t£ (chine I Lambda (famb'-dah) 1 Mu (moo) m Hu (noo) n Xi(fctee) x = fe Omikr5n(om'-e-cron) ft, as in not Pi (pee) p Bho (fcro) r <r, final S Sigma (sig'-mah) ■ sharp Tau(foto) t1T No, Form, 1. A a 2. B P s. r Y 4. A 8 B.E e 6. Z I 7. H 1 e. e 8or5 0.1 t io. E KOTfC It A \ 13. M "• 18. N V 14. S 1 15. 0 a i6. n it 17. P 9 18. S <r,flna 19. T T * o, when final, or before p final or followed by any other consonant, Is sounded like a in Arm; elsewhere like a in mAn. + y, when followed by y, k, x, or£, is sounded like ng in kina. % i is always sounded like dz. t » never has the guttural sound, like th in tais. I i has the sound of ee when it ends an accented sylla- ble ; in other situations a more obscure sound, like i in amiable or imbeoile. T t uever has a sibilant sound, like tin nation, nature. so plainly indicated that none can fail to apprehend and apply it. The most approved sounds are adopted, as laid down in the annexed scheme of articulation, and in such a way that any good Grsecist would immediately recognise the word if so pronounced, notwithstanding the minor variations current among scholars in this respect. 4. Then ensues a tracing of the etymology, radical meaning, and applied significations of the word, justly but tersely analyzed and expressed, with any other important peculiarities in this regard. 5. In the case of proper names, the same method is pursued, and at this point the regular mode of An- glicizing it, after the general style of the Common English Version, is given, and a few words of expla- nation are added to identify it. GREEK ARTICULATION. 80, Y V 21. * + 82, X X 23. * * 24. a ■ TJpsilSn (u'-pse-lon) n, as in fvU Fhl(fee) pn = / Chi (ftftee) German ch * Fsi (psee) pa Omega (o'-meg-ah) 6, as in no. 2. The mark ', placed over the initial vowel of a word, is called the Bough Breathing, and is equivalent to the English h, by which we have accordingly rep resented it. Its absence over an initial vowel is in- dicated by the mark ', called the Smooth Breathing, which is unappreciable or silent, and is therefore not represented in our method of transliteration.t 3. The following are the Greek diphthongs, prop- erly so called 4 Form. Transliteration and Power. <" al(afc'ee)[a+e] £l el , as in hmght oi ol, as in oiZ ui we, as in swset Form. Transliteration and Power. ov ow> as in now tv en, as in /etj<J ou on, as in through. * From the difficulty of producing the true sound of X, it is generally sounded like k. t These signs are placed over the eeoond vowel of a diphthong. The same Is true of the accents. The Sough Breathing always belongs to v initial. The Bough Breathing is always used with p, when it begins a word. If tbls letter be doubled in the middle of a word, the first takes the Smooth, and the second the Bough, Breathing. As these signs cannot conveniently be written over the first letter of a word, when a capital, they are in such cases placed before it. This observation applies also to the accents. The aspiration always begins the syllable. Occasionally, in consequence of a contraction (email), the Smooth Breathing is made to stand in the middle of a word, and Is then called Coro'nis. * The above are combinations of two short vowels, and are pronounced like their respective elements, but 6. Finally (after the punctuation-mark :— ) are given all the different renderings of the word in the Authorized English Version, arranged in the alpha- betical order of the leading terms, and conveniently condensed according to the explanations given below. By searching out these various renderings in the Main Concordance, to which this Dictionary is de- signed as a companion, and noting the passages to which the same number corresponding to that of any given Greek word is attached in the marginal column, the reader, whether acquainted with the original language or not, will obtain a complete Greek Concordance also, expressed in the words of the Common English Version. This is an advantage which no other Concordance or Lexicon affords. 4. The accent (stress of voice) falls on the syllable where it is written.* It is of three forms: the acute ( ' ), which is the only true accent; the grave ( * ) which is its substitute; and the circumflex ( * or )r which is the union of the two. The acute may stand on any one of the last three syllables, and in case it occurs on the final syllable, before another word in the same sentence, it is written as a grave. The grave is understood (but never written as such) on every other syllable. The circumflex is written on any syl- lable (necessarily the last or next to the last one of